Understand

The Yucatan Peninsula is home to a fascinating underground river system. These rivers were formed millions of years ago when the ocean levels were lower, exposing a giant coral reef. Over time, the porous limestone of the reef dissolved, creating massive cave systems known as "solution caves." These caves are a sight to behold, with stunning geological formations like stalactites and stalagmites. But that's not all - many of these caves collapsed and were flooded by rising sea levels, creating a unique water table. The water table consists of a layer of seawater at sea level, with freshwater "floating" on top at varying depths. For example, the famous Cenote Zaci in Valladolid has freshwater about 35 meters below ground level and saltwater below that. Imagine this - there are approximately 30,000 cenotes or access points to these cave systems, ready to be explored. Thousands of miles of underwater cave passageways have already been discovered, with some cave systems having over 140 kilometers of explored passages. Cenotes are not only natural wonders but also hold cultural and archaeological significance. Many cenotes are considered sacred by the Mayans, and some contain remarkable cave formations and ancient artifacts. In recent years, cave divers have made exciting archaeological finds, including fossilized remains of camels, giant jaguars, and mammoths. The Mexican government's archaeological protection organization, INAH, now protects some of these sites. While exploring the cenotes, one must remember their sensitivity. Tour operators and environmentalists emphasize the importance of preserving these natural wonders. La Ruta de los Cenotes, an ecotourism attraction, was created to promote sustainable development and bring tourism revenue to the Mayan Riviera. Divers have even discovered evidence of the ancient Maya inhabiting the caverns. They found artifacts dating back over 1,000 years, suggesting that the water table was once lower, allowing the Maya to live in the caves. Some believe that sacrifices were made to appease the spirits and lower the water table, so the Maya could continue their lives in the caverns.

Map & Climate

Map & Climate

Popular Foods

**Tacos al Pastor**: A traditional Mexican dish consisting of marinated pork (although sometimes made without meat or with chicken and other meats) cooked on a vertical spit, then thinly sliced and served in corn tortillas. The dish is typically garnished with pineapple, fresh cilantro, and diced onions, and accompanied by a spicy salsa.

**Mole Poblano**: A rich, complex sauce originating from the region of Puebla, mole poblano is typically made with a combination of chili peppers, nuts, seeds, chocolate, and spices, resulting in a slightly sweet and deeply flavorful sauce. It is often served over chicken or vegetables, and garnished with sesame seeds and edible flower petals.

**Guacamole**: A famous Mexican dip made from mashed avocado, lime juice, salt, and often combined with chopped tomatoes, onions, jalapeno peppers, and cilantro. It is typically served with tortilla chips or used as a condiment for various dishes.

Historical Appearance

Traditional Male Clothing

Traditional Female Clothing